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• A Law - A standard compression algorithm, used in digital communications systems of the European digital hierarchy, to optimize, i.e., modify, the dynamic range of an analog signal for digitizing.
  
  
• AFT - Abbreviation for Automated File Transceiver. GL software that can use the PC"s sound device and transmit and record voice files. Normally used in GL"s Voice Quality Testing (VQT) environments.
  
  
• Bandwidth - The transmission capacity of a telecommunications link (e.g., 64 kbps).
  
  
• Central Office (CO) - Location where telecommunications subscribers are connected to the local exchange carrier to complete the "local loop."
  
  
• Circuit Switching - Telecommunications routing system in which a signal travels along a dedicated path. It is the opposite of "packet switching," in which digital information travels along multiple paths.
  
  
• Data Channel - The channel through which data is transmitted in CAS mode.
  
  
• Degraded File - Term which refers to the voice file that has been recorded at a point within a network during Voice Quality Testing (VQT).
  
  
• Delay - The wait time between two events. May refer to the time between when a packet is sent to when it is received in the IP world.
  
  
• DCOSS - The Digital Central Office Switch Simulator (DCOSS) converts a Pentium PC (portable, tower, rack-mount) into a digital central office switch simulator, PBX and switch, complete with T1, E1, and POTS Interfaces.
  
  
• De-Multiplexing - The process of retrieving data from a multiplexed signal.
  
  
• E1 Line - A E1 line can carry 32 digitized voice channels, or it can carry data at a rate of 2.048 megabits per second.
  
  
• Error Insertion - The Error Insertion applications permits single, fixed, automatic, and random error insertion into the incoming bit stream.
  
  
• Extended Superframe - 24 frames are bundled in a certain format and transmitted
  
  
• Frame - Frame is a array of bits where signals and data are encrypted in a particular fashion.
  
  
• Frame Relay - An interface protocol for statistically multiplexed packet-switched data communications in which (a) variable-sized packets (frames) are used that completely enclose the user packets they transport, and (b) transmission rates are usually between 56 kb/s and 1.544 Mb/s (the T-1 rate).
  
  
• Frequency - The number of complete cycles per unit of time.
  
  
• Gaussian Noise - Gaussian noise is characterized by having random signal values whose amplitude values follow a Gaussian distribution.
  
  
• Gateway - An entrance and exit into a communications network. Usually refers to the entrance and exit into an IP network.
  
  
• Gap - A non-standard term describing the amount of voice (usually in milliseconds) that 1 packet contains in the IP world.
  
  
• HUB - A network device that sends incoming information to all ports on the device.
  
  
• HDLC - Abbreviation for High Level Data Link control. A Link-Level protocol used to facilitate reliable point-to-point transmission of a data packet. Note: A subset of HDLC, known as "LAP-B," is the Layer-two protocol for CCITT Recommendation X.25.
  
  
• IP - Abbreviation for Internet Protocol.
  
  
• Internal Delay - It is the driver delay taking place within T1/E1 card
  
  
• ISDN - Abbreviation for Integrated Services Digital Network. An integrated digital network in which the same time-division switches and digital transmission paths are used to establish connections for different services. ISDN services include telephone, data, electronic mail, and facsimile.
  
  
• Jitter - The variation in delay across a network. Term generally used in the VoIP environment describing the variation in delay from packet to packet.
  
  
• Loop Delay - The delay measured between a communications channel running from a switching center or an individual message distribution point to the user terminal.
  
  
• Loop Back - A method of performing transmission tests of access lines from the serving switching center, which method usually does not require the assistance of personnel at the served terminal.
  
  
• Latency - A term describing the wait time or delay time. Generally referred to the time it takes to pass information through a network.
  
  
• Multiplexing - To sequentially incorporate several data streams into a single data stream in such a manner that each may later be recovered intact.
  
  
• MOS - Abbreviation for Mean Opinion Score. Generally referring to the voice quality score through a network.
  
  
• µ Law - A standard analog signal compression algorithm, used in digital communications systems of the North American digital hierarchy, to optimize, i.e. , modify, the dynamic range of an analog signal prior to digitizing.
  
  
• Noise - An undesired disturbance within the frequency band of interest; the summation of unwanted or disturbing energy introduced into a communications system from man-made and natural sources.
  
  
• Off Line Analysis - The absence of connection to another computer. In off-line analysis captured information can be analyzed which has been saved to disk in real time analysis.
  
  
• Packets - Segments of data bundled together for efficient digital transmission
  
  
• PESQ - Abbreviation for Perceptual Evaluation of Speech Quality. ITU-standard (P.862) algorithm for testing voice quality.
  
  
• PSQM - Abbreviation for Perceptual Speech Quality Measurement. ITU-standard (P.861) algorithm for testing voice quality.
  
  
• PAMS - Abbreviation for Perceptual Analysis / Measurement System. ITU-based standard (P.800) algorithm for testing voice quality.
  
  
• Proxy - An application that allows wasy connection based on limited information to two known network parties.
  
  
• QOS - Abbreviation for Quality of Service.
  
  
• Real Time Analysis - The real-time mode of operation is used to capture stream of frames on the selected contiguous or non-contiguous timeslots or full bandwidth of T1/E1, 24 or 32 channels.
  
  
• Round Trip Delay - It is the delay taking place between the input and output of a system or network.
  
  
• Reference File - Term which refers to the voice file that has been sent through a network during Voice Quality Testing (VQT)
  
  
• Router - A device used in the IP world that is used as an interface between two networks. This device routes information in an intelligent manner.
  
  
• RTP - Abbreviation for Real-Time Transport Protocol. A standard for sending real-time multimedia over IP in packets.
  
  
• RTCP - Abbreviation for Real-Time Control Protocol. A packet used in the IP world that provides information concerning the quality of service.
  
  
• RTP Core (Hardware or Software) - An application that allows a user to send RTP traffic using the GL Packet Series products.
  
  
• Signaling - The process of transferring information between two parts of a telephone network to control the establishment of communications between long distance carrier terminal points, and customer equipment required for voice grade dedicated circuits.
  
  
• SS7 - A common-channel signaling system defined by the CCITT in the 1988 Blue Book, in Recommendations Q.771 through Q.774.
  
  
• Superframe - 12 frames are bundled in a certain format and transmitted
  
  
• Switch - An intelligent device used to route packets (information) to specific ports based on MAC address.
  
  
• SIP - Abbreviation for Session Initiated Protocol. An application layer protocol for the call processing over an IP-based network.
  
  
• Signal-to-Noise Ratio - The ratio of the usual signal that is being transmitted to the noise or undesired signal.
  
  
• SIP Core - An application that allows a user to control call processing using the GL Packet Series products.
  
  
• STM-1 - Abbreviation for Synchronous Transport Module 1. Standard for transmission over OC-3 optical fiber at 155.52 Mbps.
  
  
• T1 Line - A T1 line can carry 24 digitized voice channels, or it can carry data at a rate of 1.544 megabits per second.
  
  
• T3 Line - A T3 line is a super high-speed connection capable of transmitting data at a rate of 45 million bps (bits per second). A T3 line represents a bandwidth equal to about 672 regular voice-grade telephone lines, which is wide enough to transmit full-motion, real-time video, and very large databases over a busy network.
  
  
• Timeslot - A particular time interval during which data packets will be sent.
  
  
• Voice Frequency (VF) - Pertaining to those frequencies within that part of the audio range that is used for the transmission of speech. (188) Note 1: In telephony, the usable voice-frequency band ranges from approximately 300 Hz to 3400 Hz. Note 2: In telephony, the bandwidth allocated for a single voice-frequency transmission channel is usually 4 kHz, including guard bands.
  
  
• VQT - Abbreviation for Voice Quality Testing. GL offers a wide variety of the VQT options for testing various networks including, T1/E1/T3/OC-3, VoIP, Wireless, Landline, etc.
  
  
• VQA - Abbreviation for Voice Quality Assessment. See VQT for further information.