Newsletter: GL Announces Monitoring Clock
or Frame Slips on T1 or E1 Lines

Welcome to a September 2012 issue of GL Communications' Newsletter providing information and insight into our latest T1 E1 Hardware product feature Clock Slip Measurement. Both bit and frame slip counters are measured.


Overview

In a network, all switches use a single timing signal to transmit all signals in the outbound direction. This single timing is always derived directly from a single common reference timing signal available network wide. However incoming signals may have timing variations due to propagation variations, re-clocking jitter, wander, frequency drift, etc. Due to this timing difference between transmit vs. receive signals; the network equipment may suffer an impairment by replicating data or deleting data. This is referred to as a Timing, Clock, Bit, or Frame Slip. See Figure.

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Clock Slips are a count of the difference between a reference T1 E1 clock and another T1 E1 signal being measured. A Clock Slip is a one-second-interval measurement (accuracy of the timing slips is +/- 1 count) that arise because of phase differences or frequency differences of the incoming signal vs. the outgoing signal timing (the reference).

Enough clock slips (usually counts reaching 192 or 193) create a frame slip, and eventually, lost or repeated data. GL's T1 E1 Analyzer can measure clock slips between two T1 E1 timing signals.

The T1 E1 hardware can measure timing differences between

  • Internal Timing Source vs. Recovered Timing on Port 1, or Port 2
  • External Timing Source vs. Recovered Timing on Port 1, or Port 2
  • Recovered Timing on Port 1 vs. Recovered Timing on Port 2
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Functionality

Internal Clock Slip Reference

This Clock Slip measurement compares the incoming receive clock from the port against the internal clock provided by the unit. The software compares the internal counter to the recovered clock counter by storing these counts.

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Clock Slip Reference


Crossport Clock Slip Reference

This Clock Slip measurement compares the incoming receive clock from Port #1 against the incoming receive clock from Port #2 using the Recovered Clock on Port #1 and Recovered Clock on Port #2.

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Crossport Clock recovered


External Clock Slip Reference

This Clock Slip measurement compares the incoming receive clock using the Recovered Clock of Port 1 or 2 against the External Clock provided on the external clock input. In this case the external clock must be either a T1 or E1 timing signal.

For more information on the product feature, please refer to Clock Slip Measurement web page.


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